मराठी बोलींचे सर्वेक्षण

Survey of Dialects of the Marathi Language

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Ablative

Download Ablative
{Ablative}

The ablative case markers are often used to encode the argument of motion verbs specifying the source. A typical ablative is seen in the following sentence in standard Marathi: bəs sataryahun niɡʰali (bus Satara-from left) ‘The bus left from Satara’. In this sentence the place noun 'Satara' indicates the starting point of the verb 'to leave'. The ablative is indicated by the suffix [-un/hun] in the standard dialect of Marathi.


3.1 Dialectal variation in marking the {Ablative}

Eleven variant forms were observed in the various regional dialects of Marathi for indicating the ablative case: (1) [-un/nə/hun], (2) [-sun/snə], (3) [-ši/še/si/se], (4) [-in/i], (5) [-ni], (6) [-ne], (7) [-sən/sə], (8) [-cən], (9) [-unšan], (10) [-unši], (11) [-či/čin]. The geographical distribution and examples to illustrate the variant forms are given below.


3.1.1 Variant 1: [-un/nə/hun]

The variant [-un/nə/hun] is used for indicating the ablative in all the sampled districts in the state of Maharashtra.


3.1.1.1 Example (District Gadchiroli, taluka Korchi, village Mohgaon, M39, S.C., 12th)
एका थैलीतून त्यानी काइतरी वस्तू काढली
eka tʰəilitun tyani kaitəri wəstu kaḍʰli
ek-a tʰəili-t-un tya-ni kaitəri wəstu kaḍʰ-l-i
one-OBL bag-LOC-ABL he.OBL-ERG something thing.3SGF draw-PFV-3SGF
He took something out from the bag.

3.1.1.2 Example (District Sindhudurg, taluka Malwan, village Deulwada, M52, Brahmin)
मालवनहून रेवडीक ज़ायच़ो रात्रीच्या वेळी
malwənhun rewḍik jayco ratriča weḷi
malwən-hun rewḍi-k ja-(a)yco ratri-č-a weḷ-i
Malwan-ABL Rewdi-LOC go-PST.HAB.1PL night.OBL-GEN-OBL time-LOC
(We) used to go from Malwan to Revdi at night.
3.1.1.3 Example (District Kolhapur, taluka Chandgad, village Chandgad, M30, Parit, 11th)
तेनं आपल्या पिशवीतनं पुस्तक काडल्यान
tenə aplya pišwit pustək kaḍlyan
te-nə ap-l-ya pišwi-t- pustək kaḍ-l-yan
he.OBL-ERG we.SELF-GEN-OBL bag-LOC-ABL book.3SGN take-PFV-3SG
He took a book out from his bag.
3.1.2 Variant 2: [-sun/snə]

The variant [-sun/snə] is used as a marker of the ablative in four of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:

District Taluka and Village
Sindhudurg Dodamarg - Ayee and Matne, Malwan - Katta, Deulwada and Dandi, Kudal - Mangaon and Kudal,Vengurla - Vengurla, Devgad - Taramumbri and Jamsande, Vaibhavwadi - Nadavde, Sawantawadi - Kolgaon and Satarde
Kolhapur Kagal - Gorambe and Kenavade, Chandgad - Chandgad and Kodali
Sangli Miraj - Mhaisal (Maratha community)
Palghar Vasai -Wagholi (Pachkalshi Wadwal community)


3.1.2.1 Example (District Sindhudurg, taluka Malwan, village Dandiprabha, F55, Gabhit, 7th) काय काडता बॅगेसून
kay kaḍta bæɡesun
kay kaḍ-ta bæɡ-e-sun
what take-PRS.PROG.3SG bag-OBL-ABL
What is (he) removing from the bag?
3.1.2.2 Example (District Kolhapur, taluka Chandgad, village Chandgad, F51, S.C., 1st)
दोगं बहिनभावंडं मुलगीबी अन तो मुलगाबी शाळेस्नं आली
doɡə bəhinbʰawəṇḍə mulɡibi ən to mulɡabi šaḷesnə ali
doɡə bəhinbʰawəṇḍə mulɡi-bi ən to mulɡa-bi šaḷe-snə a-l-i
both.3PL siblings girl.3SGF-PRT and DEM.DIST.3SGM boy.3SGM PRT school.OBL-ABL come-PFV-3PL
They boy and the girl (siblings) came from school.

3.1.3 Variant 3: [-ši/še/si/se]

The variant [-ši/še/si/se] is used as a marker of the ablative in five of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:

District Taluka and Village
Ratnagiri Ratnagiri - Zadgaon (Muslim community),Khed - Bahiravli (Muslim community)
Raigad Karjat - Gaulwadi and Salokh, Alibag - Mandwa and Baple, Roha - Nagothane, Murud - Ekdara,Shriwardhan - Bagmandla, Mahad - Narwan
Thane Ambernath - Usatane (Buddhist community),Murbad - Patagon (Agri community)
Palghar Dahanu - Murbad (Mallar Koli community) and Pimpalshet (Warli community), Talasari - Udhwa (Warli community) and Girgaon (Warli community)
Nagpur Ramtek - Karwahi (Gond community)


3.1.3.1 Example (District Thane, taluka Ambernath, village Usatane, M19, Buddhist, F.Y.)
आमाला कल्यानवरशी हितं उसाटन्याला येताना एवडं म्हंजे घाम फुटलेला
amala kəlyanwərši hitə usaṭnyala yetana ewḍə mʰəñǰe ɡʰam pʰuṭlela
ama-la kəlyan-wər-ši hitə usaṭnya-la ye-tana ewḍə mʰəñǰe ɡʰam pʰuṭ-lel-a
we.EXCL-DAT Kalyan-PP.LOC-ABL here Usatane.OBL-LOC come-IPFV this much.3SGN means sweat.3SGM break-PLU.PFV-3SGM
We were sweating so much while coming from Kalyan to Usatane.
3.1.3.2 Example (District Ratnagiri, taluka Khed, village Bahirawli, M58, Muslim, 9th)
म दुबईशे अइलो म पुन्ना सौदीला गेलो
mə dubəiše əilo mə punna səudila ɡelo
mə dubəi-še əi-l-o mə punna səudi-la ɡe-l-o
then Dubai-ABL come-PFV-1SGM then again Saudi-LOC go-PFV-1SGM
I came from Dubai and then went back to Saudi.
3.1.3.3 Example (District Palghar, taluka Talasari, village Udhwa, M30, Warli, B.Com.)
त्या च़ित्रावरसी समज़ायच़ा
tya citrawərsi səmjayca
tya citr-a-wər-si səmj-ayca
DEM.DIST.OBL picture-OBL-PP.LOC-ABL understand-NON.FIN
It can be understood from that picture.
3.1.3.4 Example (District Palghar, taluka Talasari, village Udhwa, M30, Warli, B.Com.)
तेवरसे समज़ून ज़ायच़ा
tewərse səmjun jayca
te-wər-se səmj-un ja-(a)yca
that-PP.LOC-ABL understand-CP go-NON.FIN
It can be understood from that.

3.1.4 Variant 4: [-in/i]

The variant [-in/i] is used for marking the ablative in five of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:


District Taluka and Village
Jalgaon Chalisgaon - Dahiwad (Maratha community)
Dhule Dhule - Laling, Songir, Khede and Khordad, Shirpur - Ambe, Shingave and Boradi,Sakri - Dighave and Dhadne
Nandurbar Nandurbar - Ghotane and Dhanora,Navapur - Khandbara and Chinchpada,Shahada - Prakasha and Shahada
Nashik Malegaon - Kalwadi (Chambhar community),Satana - Daregaon (Mahar community)


3.1.4.1 Example (District Nandurbar, taluka Navapur, village Khandbara, F50+, S.C., Illiterate)
मास्तरनी थैलीमाइन काय काडं सपरचन
mastərni tʰəilimain kay kaḍə səpərčən
mastər-ni tʰəili-ma-in kay kaḍ-ə səpərčən
teacher-ERG bag-LOC-ABL what take-PFV.3SGN apple.3SGN
A teacher took an apple out from the bag.
3.1.4.2 Example (District Nandurbar, taluka Nandurbar, village Ghotane, F26, OBC, 8th)
एक मानूस पिशवीम सपरचंद काडा
ek manus pišwiməi səpərčənd kaḍa
ek manus pišwi-mə-i səpərčənd kaḍ-a
one man bag-LOC-ABL apple.3SGM take-PFV.3SGM
A man took an apple out from the bag.

3.1.5 Variant 5: [-ni]

The variant [-ni] is used for marking the ablative in five of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:


District Taluka and Village
Kolhapur Chandgad - Kodali
Ratnagiri Ratnagiri - Zadgaon
Palghar Vasai - Wagholi (Christian)
Jalna Jalna - Dhawedi
Washim Washim - Shirputi, Karanja - Girda and Donad (Budruk)


3.1.5.1 Example (District Washim, taluka Karanja, village Girda, M75, Kunbi, 10th)
शेतातनी आपलं दुपारी घरी येतो जेवन खावन करतो
šetatni aplə dupari ɡʰəri yeto jewən kʰawən kərto
šet-a-t-ni ap-l-ə dupar-i ɡʰər-i ye-t-o jewən kʰawən kər-t-o
farm-OBL-LOC-ABL we.SELF-GEN-3SGN afternoon-LOC home-LOC come-IPFV-1SGM meal REDUP do-IPFV-1SGM
I come from the farm in the afternoon and have lunch.

3.1.6 Variant 6: [-ne]

The variant [-ne] for marking the ablative was noted only in the Christian and Samvedi Brahmin communities living in Wagholi village in Vasai taluka of Palghar district.


3.1.6.1 Example (District Palghar, taluka Vasai, village Wagholi, M59, Samvedi Brahmin, 11th)
माहीम ते बॅन्ड्रातने यहापरेन पायी ज़ासो
mahim te bæṇḍratne yəhapəren payi jaso
mahim te bæṇḍra-t-ne yəhapəren pay-i ja-(a)s-o
Mahim to Bandra-LOC-ABL here.until foot-INS go-PST.HAB-3SGM
We used to walk from Mahim to Bandra.

3.1.7 Variant 7: [-sən/sə]

The variant [-sən/sə] for marking the ablative was noted only in the Samvedi Brahman community living in Wagholi village in Vasai taluka and the Wadwal and Mangela communities living in Bordi village in Dahanu taluka of Palghar district.


3.1.7.1 Example (District Palghar, taluka Dahanu, village Bordi, F58, Wadwal 10th)
पिशवीसन सपरचन काडलं
pišwisən səpərčən kaḍlə
pišwi-sən səpərčən kaḍ-l-ə
bag-ABL apple.3SGN draw-PFV-3SGN
(He) took an apple out of the bag.
3.1.7.2 Example (District Palghar, taluka Vasai, village Wagholi, M59, Samvedi Brahmin, 11th)
पिशवीसं सपरचन काडला टेबलोर ठुइला
pišwi səpərčən kaḍla ṭeblor ṭʰuila
pišwi- səpərčən kaḍ-l-a ṭeblo-r ṭʰui-l-a
bag-ABL apple.3SGM draw-PFV-3SGM table-PP.LOC keep-PFV-3SGM
(He) took an apple out of the bag and kept it on the table.

3.1.8 Variant 8: [-cən]

The variant [-cən] for indicating the ablative was noted only in the Wadwal community living in Bordi village in Dahanu taluka of Palghar district.


3.1.8.1 Example (District Palghar, taluka Dahanu, village Bordi, F58, Wadwal, 10th)
बॅगेच़न पुस्तक काडलं
bæɡecən pustək kaḍlə
bæɡ-e-cən pustək kaḍ-l-ə
bag-OBL-ABL book draw-PFV-3SGN
He took a book out from the bag.

3.1.9 Variant 9: [-unšan]

The variant [-unšan] for indicating the ablative was noted only in the Wadwal and Mali (Somvanshi Kshatriya) communities living in Bordi village in Dahanu taluka of Palghar district.


3.1.9.1 Example (District Palghar, taluka Dahanu, village Bordi, F27, Mali (Somvanshi Kshatriya), M.A.,D.Ed.)
पिशवीमूनशान हपरचन काडलं
pišwimunšan həpərčən kaḍlə
pišwi-m-unšan həpərčən kaḍ-l-ə
bag.OBL-LOC-ABL apple.3SGN draw-PFV-3SGN
(He) took an apple out from the bag.

3.1.10 Variant 10: [-unši]

The variant [-unši] for indicating the ablative was noted only in the Warli community living in Pimpalshet village in Dahanu taluka of Palghar district.

3.1.10.1 Example (District Palghar, taluka Dahanu, village Pimpalshet, M45, Warli, 8th)
गवत अथून्शी पालघरला नेत
ɡəwət ətʰunši palɡʰərla net
ɡəwət ətʰ-unši palɡʰər-la ne-t
grass here-ABL Palghar-LOC take-PST.HAB
(We) used to carry grass from here to Palghar.

3.1.11 Variant 11: [-či/čin]

The variant [-či/čin] for indicating the ablative was noted only in the Warli community living in Girgaon village in Talasari taluka of Palghar district.


3.1.11.1 Example (District Palghar, taluka Talasari, village Girgaon, M55, Warli, 8th)
बॅगेचिन डबा काढला
bæɡečin ḍəba kaḍʰla
bæɡ-e-čin ḍəba kaḍʰ-l-a
bag-OBL-ABL box.3SGM draw-PFV-3SGM
He took a tiffin box out of the bag.
3.1.11.2 Example (District Palghar, taluka Talasari, village Girgaon, M23, Warli, B.Sc.)
चर्वेची गलासात ओतून दिला
cərweči ɡəlasat otun dila
cərwe-či ɡəlas-a-t ot-un di-l-a
jug.OBL-ABL glass-OBL-LOC pour-CP give-PFV-3SGM
(He) poured (the water) from the jug into the glass.