The ablative case markers are often used to encode the argument of motion verbs specifying the source. A typical ablative is seen in the following sentence in standard Marathi: bəs sataryahun niɡʰali (bus Satara-from left) ‘The bus left from Satara’. In this sentence the place noun 'Satara' indicates the starting point of the verb 'to leave'. The ablative is indicated by the suffix [-un/hun] in the standard dialect of Marathi.
3.1 Dialectal variation in marking the {Ablative}Eleven variant forms were observed in the various regional dialects of Marathi for indicating the ablative case: (1) [-un/nə/hun], (2) [-sun/snə], (3) [-ši/še/si/se], (4) [-in/i], (5) [-ni], (6) [-ne], (7) [-sən/sə], (8) [-cən], (9) [-unšan], (10) [-unši], (11) [-či/čin]. The geographical distribution and examples to illustrate the variant forms are given below.
3.1.1 Variant 1: [-un/nə/hun]The variant [-un/nə/hun] is used for indicating the ablative in all the sampled districts in the state of Maharashtra.
3.1.1.1 Example (District Gadchiroli, taluka Korchi, village Mohgaon, M39, S.C., 12th) एका थैलीतून त्यानी काइतरी वस्तू काढली eka tʰəilitun tyani kaitəri wəstu kaḍʰli ek-a tʰəili-t-un tya-ni kaitəri wəstu kaḍʰ-l-i one-OBL bag-LOC-ABL he.OBL-ERG something thing.3SGF draw-PFV-3SGF He took something out from the bag. 3.1.1.2 Example (District Sindhudurg, taluka Malwan, village Deulwada, M52, Brahmin) मालवनहून रेवडीक ज़ायच़ो रात्रीच्या वेळी malwənhun rewḍik jayco ratriča weḷi malwən-hun rewḍi-k ja-(a)yco ratri-č-a weḷ-i Malwan-ABL Rewdi-LOC go-PST.HAB.1PL night.OBL-GEN-OBL time-LOC (We) used to go from Malwan to Revdi at night. 3.1.1.3 Example (District Kolhapur, taluka Chandgad, village Chandgad, M30, Parit, 11th) तेनं आपल्या पिशवीतनं पुस्तक काडल्यान tenə aplya pišwitnə pustək kaḍlyan te-nə ap-l-ya pišwi-t-nə pustək kaḍ-l-yan he.OBL-ERG we.SELF-GEN-OBL bag-LOC-ABL book.3SGN take-PFV-3SG He took a book out from his bag. 3.1.2 Variant 2: [-sun/snə]The variant [-sun/snə] is used as a marker of the ablative in four of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:
| District | Taluka and Village |
|---|---|
| Sindhudurg | Dodamarg - Ayee and Matne, Malwan - Katta, Deulwada and Dandi, Kudal - Mangaon and Kudal,Vengurla - Vengurla, Devgad - Taramumbri and Jamsande, Vaibhavwadi - Nadavde, Sawantawadi - Kolgaon and Satarde |
| Kolhapur | Kagal - Gorambe and Kenavade, Chandgad - Chandgad and Kodali |
| Sangli | Miraj - Mhaisal (Maratha community) |
| Palghar | Vasai -Wagholi (Pachkalshi Wadwal community) |
The variant [-ši/še/si/se] is used as a marker of the ablative in five of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:
| District | Taluka and Village |
|---|---|
| Ratnagiri | Ratnagiri - Zadgaon (Muslim community),Khed - Bahiravli (Muslim community) |
| Raigad | Karjat - Gaulwadi and Salokh, Alibag - Mandwa and Baple, Roha - Nagothane, Murud - Ekdara,Shriwardhan - Bagmandla, Mahad - Narwan |
| Thane | Ambernath - Usatane (Buddhist community),Murbad - Patagon (Agri community) |
| Palghar | Dahanu - Murbad (Mallar Koli community) and Pimpalshet (Warli community), Talasari - Udhwa (Warli community) and Girgaon (Warli community) |
| Nagpur | Ramtek - Karwahi (Gond community) |
The variant [-in/i] is used for marking the ablative in five of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:
| District | Taluka and Village |
|---|---|
| Jalgaon | Chalisgaon - Dahiwad (Maratha community) |
| Dhule | Dhule - Laling, Songir, Khede and Khordad, Shirpur - Ambe, Shingave and Boradi,Sakri - Dighave and Dhadne |
| Nandurbar | Nandurbar - Ghotane and Dhanora,Navapur - Khandbara and Chinchpada,Shahada - Prakasha and Shahada |
| Nashik | Malegaon - Kalwadi (Chambhar community),Satana - Daregaon (Mahar community) |
The variant [-ni] is used for marking the ablative in five of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:
| District | Taluka and Village |
|---|---|
| Kolhapur | Chandgad - Kodali |
| Ratnagiri | Ratnagiri - Zadgaon |
| Palghar | Vasai - Wagholi (Christian) |
| Jalna | Jalna - Dhawedi |
| Washim | Washim - Shirputi, Karanja - Girda and Donad (Budruk) |
The variant [-ne] for marking the ablative was noted only in the Christian and Samvedi Brahmin communities living in Wagholi village in Vasai taluka of Palghar district.
3.1.6.1 Example (District Palghar, taluka Vasai, village Wagholi, M59, Samvedi Brahmin, 11th) माहीम ते बॅन्ड्रातने यहापरेन पायी ज़ासो mahim te bæṇḍratne yəhapəren payi jaso mahim te bæṇḍra-t-ne yəhapəren pay-i ja-(a)s-o Mahim to Bandra-LOC-ABL here.until foot-INS go-PST.HAB-3SGM We used to walk from Mahim to Bandra. 3.1.7 Variant 7: [-sən/sə]The variant [-sən/sə] for marking the ablative was noted only in the Samvedi Brahman community living in Wagholi village in Vasai taluka and the Wadwal and Mangela communities living in Bordi village in Dahanu taluka of Palghar district.
3.1.7.1 Example (District Palghar, taluka Dahanu, village Bordi, F58, Wadwal 10th) पिशवीसन सपरचन काडलं pišwisən səpərčən kaḍlə pišwi-sən səpərčən kaḍ-l-ə bag-ABL apple.3SGN draw-PFV-3SGN (He) took an apple out of the bag. 3.1.7.2 Example (District Palghar, taluka Vasai, village Wagholi, M59, Samvedi Brahmin, 11th) पिशवीसं सपरचन काडला टेबलोर ठुइला pišwisə səpərčən kaḍla ṭeblor ṭʰuila pišwi-sə səpərčən kaḍ-l-a ṭeblo-r ṭʰui-l-a bag-ABL apple.3SGM draw-PFV-3SGM table-PP.LOC keep-PFV-3SGM (He) took an apple out of the bag and kept it on the table. 3.1.8 Variant 8: [-cən]The variant [-cən] for indicating the ablative was noted only in the Wadwal community living in Bordi village in Dahanu taluka of Palghar district.
3.1.8.1 Example (District Palghar, taluka Dahanu, village Bordi, F58, Wadwal, 10th) बॅगेच़न पुस्तक काडलं bæɡecən pustək kaḍlə bæɡ-e-cən pustək kaḍ-l-ə bag-OBL-ABL book draw-PFV-3SGN He took a book out from the bag. 3.1.9 Variant 9: [-unšan]The variant [-unšan] for indicating the ablative was noted only in the Wadwal and Mali (Somvanshi Kshatriya) communities living in Bordi village in Dahanu taluka of Palghar district.
3.1.9.1 Example (District Palghar, taluka Dahanu, village Bordi, F27, Mali (Somvanshi Kshatriya), M.A.,D.Ed.) पिशवीमूनशान हपरचन काडलं pišwimunšan həpərčən kaḍlə pišwi-m-unšan həpərčən kaḍ-l-ə bag.OBL-LOC-ABL apple.3SGN draw-PFV-3SGN (He) took an apple out from the bag. 3.1.10 Variant 10: [-unši]The variant [-unši] for indicating the ablative was noted only in the Warli community living in Pimpalshet village in Dahanu taluka of Palghar district.
3.1.10.1 Example (District Palghar, taluka Dahanu, village Pimpalshet, M45, Warli, 8th) गवत अथून्शी पालघरला नेत ɡəwət ətʰunši palɡʰərla net ɡəwət ətʰ-unši palɡʰər-la ne-t grass here-ABL Palghar-LOC take-PST.HAB (We) used to carry grass from here to Palghar. 3.1.11 Variant 11: [-či/čin]
The variant [-či/čin] for indicating the ablative was noted only in the Warli community living in Girgaon village in Talasari taluka of Palghar district.
3.1.11.1 Example (District Palghar, taluka Talasari, village Girgaon, M55, Warli, 8th) बॅगेचिन डबा काढला bæɡečin ḍəba kaḍʰla bæɡ-e-čin ḍəba kaḍʰ-l-a bag-OBL-ABL box.3SGM draw-PFV-3SGM He took a tiffin box out of the bag. 3.1.11.2 Example (District Palghar, taluka Talasari, village Girgaon, M23, Warli, B.Sc.) चर्वेची गलासात ओतून दिला cərweči ɡəlasat otun dila cərwe-či ɡəlas-a-t ot-un di-l-a jug.OBL-ABL glass-OBL-LOC pour-CP give-PFV-3SGM (He) poured (the water) from the jug into the glass.
