मराठी बोलींचे सर्वेक्षण

Survey of Dialects of the Marathi Language

  English | मराठी

Genitive 1st and 2nd person singular

Download Genitive 1st and 2nd person singular
The varients presented in the note below are arranged according to their frequency of occurrence in the survey data-from most frequent to least frequent.
Genitive 1st and 2nd person singular

The genitive is an adnominal case whose core function is to mark a nominal whose referent (possessor) is connected by a possessive relation to the individual expressed by the phrase within which the genitive phrase is embedded (possessum) (Lander 2008: 581). Hence genitive construction is a kind of possessive construction. For example, in the standard Marathi sentence, hi maǰʰi baṭli ahe (this I-of bottle is ‘This is my bottle’) the inflection [-jʰ-] marks the possessive relation between the possessor mi ‘I’ and the possessum baṭli ‘bottle’.


1.0 Grammatical variation in marking the {Genitive 1st and 2nd person singular}

Four variant forms were observed in the various regional dialects of Marathi for indicating the genitive function of 1st and 2nd person singular possessors: (1) [-j/jʰ/ǰ/ǰʰ-], (2) [Oblique form of possessor adnominal], (3) [-l-], (4) [-n-]. The geographical distribution and examples of the variant forms are given below.


1.1 Variant 1: [-j/jʰ/ǰ/ǰʰ-]

The variant [-j/jʰ/ǰ/ǰʰ-] indicates the genitive function of 1st and 2nd person singular possessors in all the sampled districts in the state of Maharashtra.
1.1.1 Example (District Latur, taluka Latur, village Tandulja, M45, Mang, 12th
माझे सद्याचे छंद काय नाही
maǰʰe sədyače čʰənd kay nahi
ma-ǰʰ-e sədya-č-e čʰənd kay nahi
I.OBL-GEN-3PL current-GEN-3PL hobby.PL what NEG
Currently I don’t have any hobbies.
1.2 Variant 2: [Oblique form of the possessor adnominal]

The oblique form of the first or second person possessor pronominal form is used as the genitive. The vowel (ə/a/i/o) following the genitive agrees with the gender of the possessed adnominal. This variant was noted in twenty-six of the 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra sampled for the SDML. The geographical spread of this variant and examples are given below:


District Taluka and Village
Chandrapur Chandrapur - Chaknimbala and Datala,Rajura - Kadholi (Budruk) and Koshtala,Brahmapuri - Torgaon (Budruk)
Gadchiroli Gadchiroli - Khursa and Shioni
Gondia Gondia - Tedhwa
Bhandara Bhandara - Dhargaon and Mujbi, Tumsar - Lobhi
Nagpur Nagpur - Yerla and Sonegaon (Lodhi),Bhiwapur - Botezari, Ramtek - Karwahi and Bhojapur, Narkhed - Umri and Pandhari
Wardha Ashti - Khadka and Thar, Selu - Wadgaon Jangli
Yavatmal Ghatanji - Khapri and Kurli,Ner - Kolura and Dagad Dhanora
Amravati Amravati - Malkapur, Daryapur - Bhambora, Jitapur and Bhamod,Dharni - Kawdaziri
Akola Akola - Yeota
Washim Washim - Shirputi, Risod - Ghonsar,Karanja - Girda and Donad (Budruk)
Buldhana Buldhana - Palaskhed Bhat and Warwand,Jalgaon-Jamod - Wadgaon Patan and Nimkarad, Shegaon - Shirajgaon (Nile) and Padsul
Hingoli Hingoli - Karwadi
Nanded Nanded - Limbgaon and Pangri,Kinwat - Maregaon (Khalche), Deglur - Ramtapur
Parbhani Palam - Kapsi, Sonpeth - Tiwthana,Parbhani - Takalgavhan
Beed Beed - Budukwadi
Jalna Jalna - Dhawedi, Mantha - Uswad and Talni
Aurangabad Aurangabad - Pimpalkhunta,Paithan - Pachod (Budruk), Soegaon - Ghosla and Palaskheda
Ahmednagar Akole - Brahmanwad and Dongargaon,Newasa - Khalalpimpri and Morgavhan,Ahmednagar - Kamargaon and Narayan Doho, Jamkhed - Sawargaon
Pune Haveli - Kesnand, Mulshi - Nive, Junnar - Bori (Budruk) and Dhamankhel
Jalgaon Jalgaon - Dhamangaon and Wadli, Jamner - Wakod and Waghari, Raver - Nirul and Mangalwadi,Chalisgaon - Hatle and Dahiwad, Chopda - Tandalwadi
Dhule Dhule - Songir and Khede, Shirpur - Ambe and Boradi
Nandurbar Nandurbar - Ghotane, Shahada - Prakasha
Nashik Malegaon - Kalwadi and Kaulane (GA),Nashik - Palase, Surgana - Kathipadaa, Triambakeshwar - Zarwad (Khurd), Yeola - Bokte
Palghar Vasai - Wagholi, Kalamb and Nirmal, Dahanu - Bordi, Jawhar - Hateri, Mokhada - Karegaon
Raigadr Karjat - Salokh, Roha - Nagothane
Kolhapur Chandgad - Chandgad


1.2.1 Example (District Nagpur, taluka Bhiwapur, village Botejhari, F70, Khaire Kunbi, Illiterate)
मा तब्बेत ठिक होती नाइ म्हनुन मी यात्रेला गेलो नाइ
mai təbbet ṭʰik hoti nai mʰənun mi yatrela ɡelo nai
ma-i təbbet ṭʰik hot-i nai mʰənun mi yatre-la ɡe-l-o nai
I.OBL-GEN.3SGF health.3SGF ok be.PST-3SGF NEG therefore I festival.OBL-LOC go-PFV-1SG NEG
I did not go to the festival because my health was not good.
1.2.2 Example (District Nagpur, taluka Narkhed, village Pandhri, F70, OBC, Illiterate)
येम्पीची बॉडर मा वावरापासून तिकडे आय
yempiči bɔḍər ma wawrapasun tikḍe ay
yempi-č-i bɔḍər ma wawra-pas-un tikḍe ay
M.P.-GEN-3SGF border I.OBL.GEN .OBL farm.OBL-PP.LOC-ABL there be.PRS
The Madhya Pradesh border is in that direction of my farm.
1.2.3 Example (District Yavatmal, taluka Ghatanji, village Khapri, F18, Buddhist, F.Y.)
तुया बापाची ज़ागा आय का
tu
ya bapači jaɡa ay ka
tu.a bap-a-č-i jaɡa ay ka
you.OBL.GEN. OBL father-OBL-GEN-3SGF place.3SGF be.PRS what
Is this your father’s place? (Does your father own this place?)
1.2.4 Example (District Hingoli, taluka Hingoli, village Karwadi, M61, Maratha, 4th)
मी म्हनलं तु इच्छा नाइ ना नको फवारू
mi mʰənlə tui iččʰa nai na nəko pʰəwaru
mi mʰən-l-ə tu-i iččʰa nai na nəko pʰəwar-u
I say-PFV-3SGN you-GEN.3SGF wish.3SGF NEG DM PROH spray-NON.FIN
I said, “Don't spray if you don't want to.”
1.2.5 Example (District Pune, taluka Haveli, village Kesnand, F50, Maratha, 5th)
मायं लग्नं च़ौर्‍यांशीला झ़ालं
mayə ləɡnə cəuryanšila jʰalə
ma-ə ləɡnə cəuryanši-la jʰa-l-ə
I.OBL-GEN.3SGN marriage.3SGN eighty-four-LOC happen-PFV-3SGN
I got married in 1984.
1.2.6 Example (District Beed, taluka Beed, village Bedukwadi, M46, Maratha, 9th)
हा हितच़ झ़ाला ना बाई मा जन्म
ha hitəc jʰala na bai ma ǰənmə
ha hitə-c jʰa-l-a na bai ma ǰənmə
yes here-EMPH happen-PFV-3SGM DM VOC I.OBL.GEN.3SGM birth.3SGM
Yes, I was born here.
1.3 Variant 3: [-l-]

The variant [-l-] marks the genitive function of the first or second person singular pronominal possessor in nine of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical spread of this variant and examples are given below:


District Taluka and Village
Amravati Warud - Gadegaon
Washim Risod - Ghonsar
Buldhana Buldhan - Palaskhed Bhat and Warwand,Shegaon - Shirajgaon (Nile)
Hingoli Hingoli - Karwadi, Kalamnuri - Morwad
Jalna Jalna - Dhawedi
Aurangabad Aurangabad - Pimpalkhunta
Beed Beed - Bedukwadi, Shirur-Kasar - Takalwadi
Ahmednagar Ahmednagar - Kamargaon and Narayan Doho, Newasa - Morgavhan and Khalalpimpri, Jamkhed - Jawalke
Pune Junnar - Dhamankhel


1.3.1 Example (District Jalna, taluka Jalna, village Dhawedi, F65, Maratha, Illiterate)
आता सद्द्या मपलं एक पोरगं शाळेतए
ata səddya məp ek porɡə šəḷete
ata səddya məp-l ek porɡə šəḷe-t e
now currently I.OBL-GEN-3SGN one child.3SGN school.OBL-LOC be.PRS
Now one of my children is in school.
1.4 Variant 4: [-n-]

The variant [-n-] marks the genitive function of the first or second person singular pronominal possessor in six of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:


District Taluka and Village
Jalgaon Jalgaon - Dhamngaon and Wadli, Raver - Mangalwadi, Chalisgaon - Hatle and Dahiwad, Chopda - Tandalwadi
Dhule Dhule - Laling, Songir, Khede and Khordad,Shirpur- Ambe, Shingave and Boradi,Sakri - Dighave and Dhadne
Nandurbar Nandurbar - Ghotane and Dhanora, Navapur - Khandbara and Chinchpada,Shahada - Prakasha and Shahada
Nashik Malegaon - Kalwadi and Kaulane (GA),Surgana - Kathipada, Satana - Daregaon
Palghar Dahanu - Veti (Katkari community)
Raigad Karjat - Salokh (Katkari), Roha - Chinchwali (Katkari), Mahad - Bheloshi (Katkari)


1.4.1 Example (District Dhule, taluka Dhule, village Khordad, M68, Kunbi Patil, 8th)
जन्म मना आठे खोरदडले
ǰənmə məna aṭʰe kʰordəḍle
ǰənmə mə-n-a aṭʰe kʰordəḍ-le
born.3SGM I.OBL-GEN-3SGM here Khordad-LOC
I was born in Khordad.
Reference
Lander, Y. 2008. ‘Varieties of Genitive’. Oxford Handbook of Case. pp. 581-592.