मराठी बोलींचे सर्वेक्षण

Survey of Dialects of the Marathi Language

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Genitive 3rd person singular

Download Genitive 3rd person singular
The varients presented in the note below are arranged according to their frequency of occurrence in the survey data-from most frequent to least frequent.
Genitive 3rd person singular

The genitive is an adnominal case whose core function is to mark a nominal whose referent (possessor) is connected by a possessive relation to the individual expressed by the phrase within which the genitive phrase is embedded (possessum). (Lander 2008:58). Hence genitive construction is a kind of possessive construction. For example, in the standard Marathi sentence, he rəmešcə ɡʰər ahe (this ramesh-of home is; ‘This is Ramesh’s home’) the inflection [-cə] marks the possessive relation between the possessor Ramesh (proper name) and the possessum home ‘house’


1.0 Dialectal variation in marking the {Genitive 3rd person singular}

Four variant forms were observed in the various regional dialects of Marathi for indicating the genitive function of 3rd person singular possessor:


(1) [-c/č-], (2) [-n-], (3) [-vowel a/i/o/Ø], (4) [-h-]. The geographical distribution and examples of the variant forms are given below.
1.1 Variant 1: [-c/č-]

The variant [-c/č-] was noted in all the sampled districts in the state of Maharashtra.


1.1.1 Example (District Pune, taluka Mulshi, village Nive, M18, Maratha, 12th)
एक राजा आसतो आनि त्याच़ं म्हजे राज्य आसतं
ek raǰa asto ani tya mʰəǰe raǰyə astə
ek raǰa as-t-o ani tya-c-ə mʰəǰe raǰyə as-t-ə
one king.3SGM be-IPFV-3SGM and he.OBL-GEN-3SGN means kingdom.3SGN be-IPFV-3SGN
There was a king and he had a kingdom.
1.2 Variant 2: [-n-]

The variant [-n-] was noted in six of the 34 sampled districts in the state of Maharashtra: Jalgaon, Dhule, Nandurbar, Nashik, Palghar and Raigad district. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:


District Taluka and Village
Jalgaon Jalgaon - Dhamangaon and Wadli, Raver - Mangalwadi, Chalisgaon - Hatle and Dahiwad,Chopda - Tandalwadi and Vaijapur
Dhule Dhule - Laling, Songir, Khede and Khordad,Shirpur - Ambe, Shingave and Boradi, Sakri - Dighave and Dhadne
Nandurbar Nandurbar - Ghotane and Dhanora,Navapur - Khandbara and Chinchpada,Shahada - Prakasha and Shahada
Nashik Malgeaon - Kalwadi and Kaulane (GA.),Satana - Daregaon, Surgana - Kathipada
Palghar Dahanu - Veti (Katkari community)
Raigad Karjat - Salokh (Katkari), Roha - Chinchawli (Katkari),Mahad - Bheloshi (Katkari)


1.2.1 Example (District Raigad, taluka Roha, village Chinchawli, M54, Katkari, 7th)
चायना धंदा च़ालू केल्यावर आत्ता काय करायच़ा
čayna dʰənda calu kelyawər atta kay kərayca
čay-n-a dʰənda calu ke-l-ya-wər atta kay kər-ayca
tea-GEN-OBL business.3SGM start do-PFV-OBL-after now what do-NON.FIN
What to do now after starting tea business?
1.3 Variant 3: [-vowel a/i/o/Ø]

The variant [-vowel a/i/o/Ø] was noted only in Palghar district (more frequently used) and Buldhana district (less frequently used) in Maharashtra. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:


District Taluka and Village
Buldhana Shegaon - Padsul (Buddhist community)
Palghar Vasai - Wagholi (Samvedi Brahmin, Christian/Christian Catholic and Pachakalshi Wadwal communitites), Kalamb (Mangela/Mangela OBC communities) and Nirmal (Roman Catholic community), Mokhada - Karegaon (M Thakur)


1.3.1 Example (District Palghar, taluka Vasai, village Wagholi, M59, Samvedi Brahmin, 11th)
त्याला काड्या हालतो बोलतेत
tyala kaḍyao halto boltet
tya-la kaḍya-o halto bol-t-et
it.OBL-ACC stick.PL.OBL-GEN.3SGM broom.3SGM speak-IPFV-3PL
It is called “broom made of sticks".
1.3.2 Example (District Palghar, taluka Vasai, village Wagholi, M61, Pachkalashi Wadwal, SSC)
अमुका पोरी अमुक ठिकाणी दिली अमुका पोराला अमुकाई पोरी दिली
əmukai pori əmuk ṭʰikaṇi dili əmuka porala əmukai pori dili
əmuka-i pori əmuk ṭʰikaṇ-i di-l-i əmuka pora-la əmuka-i pori di-l-i
someone.OBL-GEN.3SGF girl.3SGF some place-LOC give-PFV-3SGF someone.OBL son.OBL-DAT someone.OBL-GEN.3SGF girl.3SGF give-PFV-3SGF
Someone’s daughter is married to some boy at some place.
1.4 Variant 4: [-h-]

The variant [-h-] was recorded only in Palghar district. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:


District Taluka and Village
Palghar Vasai - Wagholi (Samvedi Brahmin community),Nirmal (Roman Catholic community),and Kalamb (Mangela OBC community), Dahanu - Bordi (Wadwal community), Talasari - Udhwa (Warli community)


1.4.1 Example (District Palghar, taluka Vasai, village Nirmal, F56, Roman Catholic Samvedi, B.A.)
त्याहा बायको फक्तं घरातलो स्वयपाक कराइच़ो
tyahã bayko pʰəktə ɡʰəratlo swəypak kəraico
tya-hã bayko pʰəktə ɡʰər-a-t-l-o swəypak kər-aic-o
he.OBL-GEN wife.3SGF only house-OBL-LOC-GEN-3SGM cooking do-PST.HAB-3SG
His wife used to do only the cooking at home.
1.4.2 Example (District Palghar, taluka Vasai, village Kalamb, M79, Mangela OBC, B.A.)
त्यान तेही बॅग उघडून त्या हातानी पुस्तक दिलं काढून
tyan tehi bæɡ uɡʰḍun tya hatani pustək dilə kaḍʰun
tyan te-h-i bæɡ uɡʰḍ-un tya hat-a-ni pustək di-l-ə kaḍʰ-un
he.OBL-ERG he.OBL-GEN-3SGF bag open-CP DEM.DIST.OBL hand-OBL-INS book.3SGN give-PFV-3SGN take-CP
He opened his bag and handed him a book.
Reference
Lander, Y. 2008. ‘Varieties of Genitive’. Oxford Handbook of Case. pp. 581-592.