मराठी बोलींचे सर्वेक्षण

Survey of Dialects of the Marathi Language

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Past Habitual

Download Past Habitual
The varients presented in the note below are arranged according to their frequency of occurrence in the survey data-from most frequent to least frequent.
Past Habitual

The past habitual is a verb aspect that is used to refer to repeated actions in the past time. Example: mi purwi kamala jayco (I used to go to work earlier). The verb form jayco (ja-ayco, go-PST.HAB-3SGM) in this standard Marathi sentence indicates that the action was repeated / habitual in the past time.


1.0 Dialectal variation in marking the {Past Habitual}

Five variant forms were observed in the various regional dialects of Marathi for indicating the past habitual: (1) [V-t+(hot-AGR)], (2) [V-ayc-AGR], (3) [V-Vowel.AGR o/u/i/e/ə], (4) [V-t+ja-AGR], (5) [V-t+əs-AGR].


The geographical distribution and examples of the variant forms are given below.
1.1 Variant 1: [V-t+(hot-AGR)]

The variant [V-t+(hot-AGR)] is used for indicating the past habitual in all the sampled districts in the state of Maharashtra.


1.1.1 Example (District Ratnagiri, taluka Dapoli, village Palgad, F35, Kunbi, 4th)
आमचे आइवडील भरपूर आमाला शिकवत होते
amče aiwəḍil bʰərpur amala šikwət hote
am-č-e aiwəḍil bʰərpur ama-la šikwə-t hot-e
we.EXCL-GEN-3PL parents much we.EXCL-ACC teach-IPFV be.PST-3PL
Our parents used to teach us a lot.
1.2 Variant 2: [V-ayc-AGR]

The variant [V-ayc-AGR] is used for indicating the past habitual in all the sampled districts in the state of Maharashtra.


1.2.1 Example 1.2.1 Example (District Sindhudurg, taluka Dodamarg, village Ayee, F33, Kumbhar, 9th)
शाळेत मज्जा करायच़ो आमी
šaḷet məǰǰa kərayco ami
šaḷe-t məǰǰa kər-ayc-o ami
school.OBL-LOC fun.3SGM do-PST.HAB-1PL we.EXCL
We used to have fun at school.
1.3 Variant 3: [V-Vowel.AGR o/u/i/e/ə]

The variant [V-Vowel.AGR o/u/i/e/ə] is used for past habitual in twenty-four of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical spread of this variant and examples are given below:


District Taluka and Village
Chandrapur Chandrapur - Chaknimbala and Datala, Rajura - Koshtala, Brahmapuri - Panchgaon and Torgaon (Budruk)
Gadchiroli Gadchiroli - Khursa and Shioni, Korchi - Bori and Mohgaon
Gondia Gondia - Temni and Tedhwa,Sadak-Arjuni - Duggipar and Chikhali
Bhandara Bhandara - Dhargaon and Mujbi, Tumsar - Lobhi
Nagpur Nagpur - Yerla, Bhiwapur - Sawargaon,Ramtek - Bhojapur, Narkhed - Umari and Pandhri
Wardha Ashti - Khadka, Hinganghat - Ajanti and Poti, Seloo - Wadgaon Jangli and Zadshi
Yavatmal Ghatanji - Khapri and Kurli,Ner - Kolura and Dagad Dhanora
Amravati Amravati - Sawardi and Malkapur, Warud - Gadegaon, Daryapur - Bhambora, Jitapur and Bhamod
Akola Akola - Yeota
Washim Washim - Shirputi, Risod - Ghonsar, Karanja - Girda
Buldhana Buldhana - Palaskhed Bhat, Jalgaon-Jamod - Wadgaon Patan and Nimkarad, Shegaon - Shirajgaon (Nile) and Padsul
Nanded Nanded - Pangri, Kinwat - Islapur, Deglur - Khanapur
Hingoli Kalamnuri - Morwad
Aurangabad Soegaon - Ghosla
Jalgaon Jalgaon - Dhamangaon and Wadli,Jamner - Wakod and Waghari, Raver - Mangalwadi, Chalisgaon - Dahiwad, Chopda - Vaijapur
Dhule Dhule - Laling, Songir, Khede and Khordad, Shirpur - Ambe, Shingave and Boradi, Sakri - Dighave and Dhadne
Nandurbar Nandurbar - Ghotane and Dhanora, Navapur - Khandbara and Chinchpada, Shahada- Prakasha and Shahada
Nashik Malegaon - Kalwadi and Kaulane (GA),Satana - Daregaon, Surgana - Kathipada, Triambakeshwar - Goldari, Yeola - Bokte
Palghar Vasai - Kalamb and Nirmal, Dahanu - Bordi, Murbad and Pimpalshet, Talasari - Udhwa and Girgaon, Mokhada - Dandwal and Karegaon
Raigad Roha - Chinchawli
Ratnagiri Ratnagiri - Zadgaon
Sindhudurg Malwan - Katta, Deulwada and Dandi,Kudal - Mangaon and Kudal, Vengurla - Vengurla, Sawantwadi - Kolgaon and Satarde
Kolhapur Chandgad - Kodali
Satara Wai - Chikhali


1.3.1 Example (District Nagpur, taluka Nagpur, village Yerla, M70, Mang (SC), Illiterate)
कास्तकारीचे कामं करो पयले
kastəkariče kamə kəro pəyle
kastəkari-č-e kam-ə kər-o pəyle
agriculture.OBL-GEN-3PL work-3PL do-PST.HAB.1SGM before
I used to do agricultural work earlier.
1.3.2 Example (District Sindhudurg, taluka Malwan, village Katta, F50, Bhandari, 7th)
तिनंय मैत्रणी असाच़ करू लपान र
tinəy məitrəṇi əsac kəru ləpan rəu
tinə-y məitrəṇi əsa-c kər-u ləp-an rə-u
three-PRT friend.FPL thus-EMPH do-PST.HAB.1PL hide-CP stay-PST.HAB.1PL
We three friends used to hide earlier.
1.3.3 Example (District Sindhudurg, taluka Kudal, village Kudal, F41, Kumbhar, 10th)
तो दररोज़ ज़ाय अन्नं नदीच्या काटी लाकडं तोडी दर्रो
to dərroj jay ənnə nədiča kaṭi lakḍə toḍi dərro
to dərroj ja-y ənnə nədi-č-a kaṭ-i lakḍə toḍ-i dərro
he everyday go-PST.HAB and river-GEN-OBL bank-LOC wood.3PL cut-PST.HAB everyday
He used to go at the bank of river and cut the woods.
1.3.4 Example (District Jalgaon, taluka Chopda, village Vaijapur, M39, Rajput, 7th)
यकस टाईम जेवन भेटे
yəkəs ṭaim ǰewən bʰeṭe
yək-ə-s ṭaim ǰewən bʰeṭ-e
one-OBL-EMPH time meal get-PST.HAB
We used to get food only once in a day.
1.3.5 Example (District Palghar, taluka Mokhada, village Dandwal, F50+, Warli, Illiterate)
आदी च़ांगला भरपूर पडं
adi caṅɡla bʰərpur pəḍə
adi caṅɡla bʰərpur pəḍ-ə
before good.3SGM much fall-PST.HAB
Earlier it used to rain a lot.
1.4 Variant 4: [V-t+ja-AGR]

The variant [V-t+ja-AGR] is used for past habitual in six of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical spread of this variant and examples are given below:


District Taluka and Village
Gadchiroli Gadchiroli - Shioni
Amravati Amravati - Malkapur, Daryapur - Jitapur
Akola Akola - Yeota
Washim Washim - Shirputi, Karanja - Girda and Donad (Budruk)
Buldhana Buldhana - Palaskhed Bhat,Jalgaon-jamod - Wadgaon Patan, Shegaon - Padsul
Jalgaon Chalisgaon - Dahiwad


1.4.1 Example (District Washim, Taluka Karanja, Village Donand budruk, F33, Kunbi-Patil, 12th)
आमच्या खेडेगावात्नी भाजीपाला विकनारे येत ज़ायेत त आमी त्यांच्याकडलं घेत ज़ाओ
amča kʰeḍeɡawatni bʰaǰipala wiknare yet jayet tə ami tyañčakəḍlə ɡʰet jao
am-č-a kʰeḍeɡaw-a-tni bʰaǰipala wik-nar-e ye-t ja-yet tə ami tyañ-č-a-kəḍ-l-ə ɡʰe-t ja-o
we.EXCL-GEN-OBL rural village-OBL-LOC vegetables sell-NMZLR-3PL come-IPFV GO-PST.HAB.3PL so we.EXCL they.OBL-GEN-OBL-LOC-PTPL-3SGN take-IPFV GO-PST.HAB.1PL
Vegetable sellers used to come to our village and we used to buy vegetables from them.
1.5 Variant 5: [V-t+əs-AGR]

The variant [V-t+əs-AGR] is used for past habitual in five of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:


District Taluka and Village
Gadchiroli Gadchiroli - Shioni
Amravati Amravati - Malkapur, Daryapur - Jitapur
Akola Akola - Yeota
Washim Washim - Shirputi, Karanja - Girda and Donad (Budruk)
Buldhana Buldhana - Palaskhed Bhat,Jalgaon-jamod - Wadgaon Patan, Shegaon - Padsul
Jalgaon Chalisgaon - Dahiwad


1.5.1 Example (District Parbhani, Taluka Sonpeth, Village Tiwthana, M20, Dhangar, B.A)
एक टोपीवाला असा आपल्या गावातून टोप्या घेऊन विकायला ज़ात असे
ek ṭopiwala əsa aplya ɡawatun ṭopya ɡʰeun wikayla jat əse
ek ṭopiwala əsa aplya ɡaw-a-t-un ṭopya ɡʰe-un wik-ayla ja-t əs-e
one cap seller thus.3SGM self.OBL village-OBL-LOC-ABL cap.PL take-CP sell-NON.FIN go-IPFV be.PST.HAB.3SG
A cap seller used to go from his village to sell caps.