The past habitual is a verb aspect that is used to refer to repeated actions in the past time. Example: mi purwi kamala jayco (I used to go to work earlier). The verb form jayco (ja-ayco, go-PST.HAB-3SGM) in this standard Marathi sentence indicates that the action was repeated / habitual in the past time.
1.0 Dialectal variation in marking the {Past Habitual}Five variant forms were observed in the various regional dialects of Marathi for indicating the past habitual: (1) [V-t+(hot-AGR)], (2) [V-ayc-AGR], (3) [V-Vowel.AGR o/u/i/e/ə], (4) [V-t+ja-AGR], (5) [V-t+əs-AGR].
The geographical distribution and examples of the variant forms are given below. 1.1 Variant 1: [V-t+(hot-AGR)]The variant [V-t+(hot-AGR)] is used for indicating the past habitual in all the sampled districts in the state of Maharashtra.
1.1.1 Example (District Ratnagiri, taluka Dapoli, village Palgad, F35, Kunbi, 4th) आमचे आइवडील भरपूर आमाला शिकवत होते amče aiwəḍil bʰərpur amala šikwət hote am-č-e aiwəḍil bʰərpur ama-la šikwə-t hot-e we.EXCL-GEN-3PL parents much we.EXCL-ACC teach-IPFV be.PST-3PL Our parents used to teach us a lot. 1.2 Variant 2: [V-ayc-AGR]The variant [V-ayc-AGR] is used for indicating the past habitual in all the sampled districts in the state of Maharashtra.
1.2.1 Example 1.2.1 Example (District Sindhudurg, taluka Dodamarg, village Ayee, F33, Kumbhar, 9th) शाळेत मज्जा करायच़ो आमी šaḷet məǰǰa kərayco ami šaḷe-t məǰǰa kər-ayc-o ami school.OBL-LOC fun.3SGM do-PST.HAB-1PL we.EXCL We used to have fun at school. 1.3 Variant 3: [V-Vowel.AGR o/u/i/e/ə]The variant [V-Vowel.AGR o/u/i/e/ə] is used for past habitual in twenty-four of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical spread of this variant and examples are given below:
| District | Taluka and Village |
|---|---|
| Chandrapur | Chandrapur - Chaknimbala and Datala, Rajura - Koshtala, Brahmapuri - Panchgaon and Torgaon (Budruk) |
| Gadchiroli | Gadchiroli - Khursa and Shioni, Korchi - Bori and Mohgaon |
| Gondia | Gondia - Temni and Tedhwa,Sadak-Arjuni - Duggipar and Chikhali |
| Bhandara | Bhandara - Dhargaon and Mujbi, Tumsar - Lobhi |
| Nagpur | Nagpur - Yerla, Bhiwapur - Sawargaon,Ramtek - Bhojapur, Narkhed - Umari and Pandhri |
| Wardha | Ashti - Khadka, Hinganghat - Ajanti and Poti, Seloo - Wadgaon Jangli and Zadshi |
| Yavatmal | Ghatanji - Khapri and Kurli,Ner - Kolura and Dagad Dhanora |
| Amravati | Amravati - Sawardi and Malkapur, Warud - Gadegaon, Daryapur - Bhambora, Jitapur and Bhamod |
| Akola | Akola - Yeota |
| Washim | Washim - Shirputi, Risod - Ghonsar, Karanja - Girda |
| Buldhana | Buldhana - Palaskhed Bhat, Jalgaon-Jamod - Wadgaon Patan and Nimkarad, Shegaon - Shirajgaon (Nile) and Padsul |
| Nanded | Nanded - Pangri, Kinwat - Islapur, Deglur - Khanapur |
| Hingoli | Kalamnuri - Morwad |
| Aurangabad | Soegaon - Ghosla |
| Jalgaon | Jalgaon - Dhamangaon and Wadli,Jamner - Wakod and Waghari, Raver - Mangalwadi, Chalisgaon - Dahiwad, Chopda - Vaijapur |
| Dhule | Dhule - Laling, Songir, Khede and Khordad, Shirpur - Ambe, Shingave and Boradi, Sakri - Dighave and Dhadne |
| Nandurbar | Nandurbar - Ghotane and Dhanora, Navapur - Khandbara and Chinchpada, Shahada- Prakasha and Shahada |
| Nashik | Malegaon - Kalwadi and Kaulane (GA),Satana - Daregaon, Surgana - Kathipada, Triambakeshwar - Goldari, Yeola - Bokte |
| Palghar | Vasai - Kalamb and Nirmal, Dahanu - Bordi, Murbad and Pimpalshet, Talasari - Udhwa and Girgaon, Mokhada - Dandwal and Karegaon |
| Raigad | Roha - Chinchawli |
| Ratnagiri | Ratnagiri - Zadgaon |
| Sindhudurg | Malwan - Katta, Deulwada and Dandi,Kudal - Mangaon and Kudal, Vengurla - Vengurla, Sawantwadi - Kolgaon and Satarde |
| Kolhapur | Chandgad - Kodali |
| Satara | Wai - Chikhali |
The variant [V-t+ja-AGR] is used for past habitual in six of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical spread of this variant and examples are given below:
| District | Taluka and Village |
|---|---|
| Gadchiroli | Gadchiroli - Shioni |
| Amravati | Amravati - Malkapur, Daryapur - Jitapur |
| Akola | Akola - Yeota |
| Washim | Washim - Shirputi, Karanja - Girda and Donad (Budruk) |
| Buldhana | Buldhana - Palaskhed Bhat,Jalgaon-jamod - Wadgaon Patan, Shegaon - Padsul |
| Jalgaon | Chalisgaon - Dahiwad |
The variant [V-t+əs-AGR] is used for past habitual in five of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:
| District | Taluka and Village |
|---|---|
| Gadchiroli | Gadchiroli - Shioni |
| Amravati | Amravati - Malkapur, Daryapur - Jitapur |
| Akola | Akola - Yeota |
| Washim | Washim - Shirputi, Karanja - Girda and Donad (Budruk) |
| Buldhana | Buldhana - Palaskhed Bhat,Jalgaon-jamod - Wadgaon Patan, Shegaon - Padsul |
| Jalgaon | Chalisgaon - Dahiwad |
