Perfective
The varients presented in the note below are arranged according to their frequency of occurrence in the survey data-from most frequent to least frequent.

Grammatical aspect is a grammatical category that refers to the internal temporal constituency of a situation or an event (Comrie 1976). Grammatical aspect is generally described in terms of a broad binary contrast between perfective and imperfective. Of these, the perfective aspect is used in language to refer to an event as bounded, unitary and without reference to any passage of time. The perfective is thus often said to denote a “complete” situation with the beginning, middle, and end presented in their entirety. In the standard dialect of Marathi, the perfective aspect is morphologically marked by the suffix [-l-] as in the sentence radha ɡhǝri ali (Radha home-to come-PFV). Here the verb form ali¬conveys that the event of Radha coming home is completed at the time of uttering the sentence. Regional variations in the dialects of Marathi for marking the perfective aspect are listed below.

1.0 Dialectal variation in marking the {Perfective}

Four variants of {Perfective} were observed in the various regional dialects of Marathi: (1) [-l/lyan/lan-], (2) [-el], (3) [-n-], (4) [-vowel a/ə/i/e/u]. The geographical and social distribution and examples of the variant forms are given below.

1.1 Variant 1: [-l/lyan/lan-]

The variant [-l-] was recorded in all the sampled districts in the state of Maharashtra. The use of [-lyan] as a marker of the perfective aspect was noted in the following districts:

District	Taluka and Village
Kolhapur	Chandgad - Chandgad, Tudiye and Kodali,Gadhinglaj - Hebbal Jaldyal and Inchnal
Sindhudurg	Dodamarg - Ayee and Matne,Malwan - Katta, Deulwada and Dandi,Kudal - Kudal, Amrad and Mangaon,Vengurla - Vengurla,Devgad - Taramumbri and Jamsande,Vaibhavwadi - Nadavde, Sawantwadi - Kolgaon and Satarde
Ratnagiri	Ratnagiri - Malgund and Zadgaon,Dapoli - Dabhol, Rajapur - Kumbhavade

The use of [-lan] as a marker of the perfective aspect was recorded in the following districts:

District	Taluka and Village
Kolhapur	Radhanagari - Olavan
Ratnagiri	Khed - Jamge and Bahiravli,Dapoli - Dabhol and Palgad
Raigad	Mahad - Narwan-Bheloshi

1.1.1 Example (District Kolhapur, taluka Karvir, village Gadmudshingi, M39, SC, 9th) ह्या मुलग्यानं ह्या मुलग्याला टोपी दिली
hya mulɡyanə hya mulɡyala ṭopi dili
hya mulɡya-nə hya mulɡya-la ṭopi di-l-i
DEM.PROX.OBL boy.OBL-ERG DEM.PROX.OBL boy.OBL-DAT cap.3SGF give-PFV-3SGF
This boy gave the cap to that boy.
1.1.2 Example (District Kolhapur, taluka Chandgad, village Chandgad, F51, Mahar, 1st)
परत नातू माजा तो पंद्रावी केल्यान
pərət natu maja to pəndrawi kelyan
pərət natu ma-j-a to pəndrawi ke-lyan
again grandson.3SGM I.OBL-GEN-3SGM DEM.DIST.3SGM fifteenth do-PFV.3SGM
My grandson completed graduation.
1.2 Variant 2: [-el]

The variant [-el] was recorded in fourteen districts out of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:

District	Taluka and Village
Akola	Akola - Gopalkhed and Yeota
Washim	Risod - Chakoli and Ghonsar
Buldhana	Buldhana - Palaskhed Bhat,Jalgaon-Jamod - Wadgaon Patan and Nimkarad,Shegaon - Shirajgaon (Nile) and Padsul
Jalna	Jalna - Dhawedi
Aurangabad	Aurangabad - Bhikapur-Naigaon and Pimpalkhunta, Vaijapur - Nandgaon and Sawkhedganga,Soegaon - Ghosla and Palaskheda
Ahmednagar	Akole - Brahmanwada and Dongargaon,Newasa - Morgavhan
Nashik	Nashik - Vilholi, Malegaon - Kalwadi and Kaulane (GA.), Satana - Daregaon, Surgana - Kathipada and Surgana, Triambakeshwar - Goldari and Zarwad (Khurd), Yeola - Bokte and Nimgaonmadh
Jalgaon	Jalgaon - Dhamangaon and Wadli,Jamner - Wakod and Waghari,Raver - Mangalwadi, Chalisgaon - Hatle and Dahiwad, Chopda - Tandalwadi and Vaijapur
Dhule	Dhule - Laling, Songir, Khede and Khordad,Shirpur - Ambe, Shingave and Boradi,Sakri - Dighave and Dhadne
Nandurbar	Nandurbar - Ghotane and Dhanora,Navapur - Khandbara and Chinchpada,Shahada - Prakasha and Shahada
Palghar	Dahanu - Murbad and Pimpalshet and Veti,Talasari - Udhwa and Girgaon,Jawhar - Hateri and Khambala,Mokhada - Dandwal and Karegaon
Thane	Murbad - Madh (Katkari community)
Raigad	Alibag - Baple, Roha - Chinchawli (Katkari community)
Pune	Mulshi - Kasar-Amboli (Katkari community)

1.2.1 Example (District Jalgaon, taluka Jalgaon, village Dhamangaon, M32, Dhangar, 12th)
शिवाजी महाराज़नं नियम करेल होते
šiwaǰi məharajnə niyəm kərel hote
šiwaǰi məharaj-nə niyəm kər-el hot-e
Shivaji maharaj-ERG rule.PL do-PFV be.PST-3PL
Shivaji Maharaj had made rules.
1.2.2 example (District Buldhana, taluka Buldhana, village Palaskhed Bhat, F50+, Rajput, Illiterate)
मी नाही शिकेल माय
mi nahi šikel may
mi nahi šik-el may
I NEG study-PFV VOC
Sister, I didn’t study. (= I did not go to school.)
1.3 Variant 3: [-n-]

The variant [-n-] as a marker of perfective aspect in six of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:

District	Taluka and Village
Jalgaon	Jalgaon - Dhamangaon and Wadli,Raver - Mangalwadi,Chalisgaon - Hatle and Dahiwad,Chopda - Tandalwadi and Vaijapur
Dhule	Dhule - Laling, Songir, Khede and Khordad,Shirpur - Ambe, Shingave and Boradi, Sakri - Dighave and Dhadne
Nandurbar	Nandurbar - Ghotane and Dhanora,Navapur - Khandbara and Chinchpada,Shahada - Prakasha and Shahada
Nashik	Malegaon - Kalwadi and Kaulane (GA.),Satana - Daregaon, Surgana - Kathipada,Triambakeshwar - Goldari
Palghar	Dahanu - Veti, Talasari - Udhwa, Mokhada - Karegaon
Raigad	Akole - Brahmanwada and Dongargaon,Newasa - Morgavhan
Nashik	Nashik - Vilholi, Malegaon - Kalwadi and Kaulane (GA.), Satana - Daregaon, Surgana - Kathipada and Surgana, Triambakeshwar - Goldari and Zarwad (Khurd), Yeola - Bokte and Nimgaonmadh
Jalgaon	Jalgaon - Dhamangaon and Wadli,Jamner - Wakod and Waghari,Raver - Mangalwadi, Chalisgaon - Hatle and Dahiwad, Chopda - Tandalwadi and Vaijapur
Dhule	Dhule - Laling, Songir, Khede and Khordad,Shirpur - Ambe, Shingave and Boradi,Sakri - Dighave and Dhadne
Nandurbar	Nandurbar - Ghotane and Dhanora,Navapur - Khandbara and Chinchpada,Shahada - Prakasha and Shahada
Palghar	Dahanu - Murbad and Pimpalshet and Veti,Talasari - Udhwa and Girgaon,Jawhar - Hateri and Khambala,Mokhada - Dandwal and Karegaon
Thane	Murbad - Madh (Katkari community)
Raigad	Alibag - Baple, Roha - Chinchawli (Katkari community)

1.3.1 example (District Dhule, taluka Dhule, village Laling, M29, Mahar, B.A.)
हइ पोरनी त्या मानुसले गल्लास दिना
həi porni tya manusle ɡəllas dina
həi por-ni tya manus-le ɡəllas di-n-a
DEM.PROX.3SGF girl-ERG DEM.DIST.OBL man-DAT glass.3SGM give-PFV-3SGM
This girl gave that man a glass.
1.4 Variant 4: [-vowel a/ə/i/e/u]

The variant [-vowel a/ə/i/e/u] is used for indicating the perfective aspect in six of the sampled 34 districts in the state of Maharashtra. The geographical and social spread of this variant and examples are given below:

District	Taluka and Village
Jalgaon	Jalgaon - Wadli, Raver - Mangalwadi,Chalisgaon - Hatle and Dahiwad,Chopda - Tandalwadi and Vaijapur
Dhule	Dhule - Laling, Songir, Khede and Khordad,Shirpur - Ambe, Shingave and Boradi,Sakri - Dighave and Dhadne
Nandurbar	Nandurbar - Ghotane and Dhanora,Navapur - Khandbara and Chinchpada,Shahada - Prakasha and Shahada
Nashik	Malegaon - Kalwadi and Kaulane (GA.),Satana - Daregaon, Surgana - Kathipada,
Palghar	Dahanu - Veti, Talasari - Udhwa, Mokhada - Karegaon
Raigad	Karjat - Salokh (Katkari), Roha - Chinchawli (Katkari),Mahad - Bheloshi (Katkari)

1.4.1 example (District Dhule, taluka Dhule, village Khordad, F60, Kunbi-Patil, 7th)
पानी ग्लासमा टाकं
pani ɡlasma ṭakə
pani ɡlas-ma ṭak-ə
water.3SGN glass-LOC pour-PFV.3SGN
(She) poured the water into the glass.
1.4.2 example (District Nandurbar, taluka Nandurbar, village Ghotane, F26, OBC, 8th)
येक पडी गया
yek pəḍi ɡəya
yek pəḍ-i ɡəy-a
one fall-CP go-PFV.3SGM
One fell down.
1.4.3 example (District Nandurbar, taluka Nandurbar, village Dhanora, F35, Matang, Illiterate)
सपरचन काडा थैलीमाइन
səpərčən kaḍa tʰəilimain
səpərčən kaḍ-a tʰəili-ma-in
apple.3SGM draw-PFV.3SGM bag-LOC-ABL
(He) took an apple out of the bag.
1.4.4 example (District Nandurbar, taluka Navapur, village Chinchpada, M57, Mahar, 6th)
त्यानी एक वही काढी
tyani ek wəhi kadʰi
tya-ni ek wəhi kadʰ-i
he.OBL-ERG one notbook.3SGF draw-PFV.3SGF
He took a notebook out of the (bag).
Reference
Comrie, B. (1976). Aspect. Cambridge: CUP.