The lexical variants presented in the note below are arranged according to their frequency of occurrence in the survey data-from most frequent to least frequent.
‘Bolt’ (aḍna) is a type of lock or a device/ contraption that was used to shut doors in the olden days. The following words were recorded in the Survey of Dialects of the Marathi Language (SDML) to refer to this object: kəḍi, koyəṇḍa, aɡəḷ, aḍna, aḍuna, kʰiṭṭi, kʰəṭka, daṇḍka, aḍsər, aḍči, biǰiɡiri, micɡarya, ṭicəkni, sakʰrya səṅkəlkəḍi, pəṭṭikəḍi, ḍambrya, makḍi, kutrə, ɡʰoḍi, majərbokya,huk, cap, kʰanduk, kʰəḍkə etc.
In an earlier linguistic survey by Dhongde (2013), very little variation was noted for this concept in dialects of Marathi. The word sakʰḷi is the only variant recorded alongside the word aḍna in the survey.

The word kəḍi was widely reported in Pune, Nashik, Aurangabad, Jalgaon districts whereas it is reported infrequently in the rest of Maharashtra. Phonetic variations of this word include kəḍi, kəḷi, kəri, kɔḍi, pəṭṭikəḍi, etc. The variant kəḷi is observed in Aurangabad, Nashik, Dhule, and Amravati districts whereas the variant kəri was reported rarely in Raigad and Palghar districts. The word kuṇḍi/ kuṇḍa was mainly observed in Vidarbha region. It was reported rarely in Thane, Beed, Nanded, and Aurangabad districts. The word koṇḍa was reported widely in Marathwada and Vidarbha region. Phonetic variations of this word include koṇḍ̣i, koṇḍa, koṇḍə, koṇḍe, konḍka, koṇḍkə, koṇḍki, koṇḍəkə, koṇḍɡə, konka, koḍkə, etc. The word koyəṇḍa was reported widely in Ratnagiri, Raigad, Thane, Sindhudurg, Satara, and Solapur districts. It was reported infrequently in Kolhapur, Pune, Nandurbar, Yavatmal, and Buldhana districts. Phonetic variations of this word include koyəṇḍa, koiṇḍa, kwəiṇḍa, kwəyəṇḍi, kəynə, kuinḍa, kwəyəṇḍa, koyḍa, koyəṇḍya, etc. The word kəḍikʷəyəṇḍa was reported infrequently in Jalgaon, Nandurbar, Dhule, Buldhana, Akola, Washim, Amravati, Nashik, Aurangabad, Jalna, Osmanabad, Beed, Thane, Solapur, Sangli, Satara, and Pune districts. Phonetic variations of this word include kəḍikoṇḍa, kəḍikoṇḍo, kəḍikwəyṇḍa, kərikonḍa, kəḍikoṇḍə, kəḍikoṇḍo, kəḍi koiṇḍa, təḍi konḍa, etc.

The word aɡəḷ was widely reported in Osmanabad, Latur, Beed, Buldhana and Ahmednagar districts. It was reported less frequently in Aurangabad, Jalna, Nanded, Parbhani, Pune, and Amravati districts. It was reported infrequently in Akola, Jalgaon, Wardha, Hingoli, and Sangli districts. Phonetic variations of this word include aɡəḷ, əɡəḷ, aɡaḷ, aɡḷi, aɡḍə, akʰəḷ, aɡəi, aɡəy, ɡəḷ, aɡəḷna, etc.

The word aḍna was mainly reported in Kolhapur, Satara, Sangli, Solapur, Sindhudurg, Ratnagiri, Raigad, and Thane districts. Phonetic variations of this word include aḍna, əḍna, aḍno, aḍni, aḍṇi, aḍnə, adən, aḷṇi, aḷna, etc. The word aḍa was reported widely in Sindhudurg, Kolhapur, Solapur, Beed, Parbhani, Jalgaon, and Gadchiroli districts. Phonetic variations of this word include aḍə, aḍa, aḍo, aḍi, aḍu, aḍya, aḍʰi, etc. The word aḍɡəḷ was mainly reported in Kolhapur, Solapur, Latur, Ahmednagar, Aurangabad, Jalgaon, Pune, and Beed districts. Phonetic variations of this word include aḍɡəḷ, aḍɡaḷa, aḍɡuna, etc. The word arɡəḷa was only reported in Parbhani district. The word arɡol was observed in the Mahadev koli community of Raigad district whereas the word arɡona was observed in the Sali community of Raigad district. The word aṭkəwənə was reported in Palghar, Nashik, and Washim districts. The word aṭkawa was observed in Dhule district while the word aḍkawa was observed in Nagpur district. The word aṭkau was reported in Jalgaon district, and the word aḍkəwəni was reported in Ahmednagar district. The word əḍkən was received infrequently in Dhule, Jalgaon, Palghar, and Bhandara districts. The word aḍkən was observed occasionally in Hingoli district. The word əḍkəni was reported in Sangli district whereas the word aḍkʰəṇa was reported in Jalgaon district. The words aḍkun, aḍki were reported in Thane district. The words əḍkḷi, əḍkʰəḷ were observed in Thane and Palghar districts whereas the word aḍkəl was observed in Buldhana district. The words aḍkoṭa, aḍka were reported in Kolhapur district while the word aḍsər was reported in Jalna district.

The word aḍči was reported in Palghar, Thane, Raigad, Ratnagiri, and Pune districts. The word kadči was reported as its phonetic variant. The word aḍka was reported infrequently in Kolhapur, Nagpur, Dhule, and Nanded districts. Phonetic variations of this word include aḍək, aḍoka, aḍokʰa, aḷoka, etc. The word akḍa was reported in Latur district. The word aḍəw was observed in Sindhudurg and Yavatmal districts. The word aḍata was received in Sindhudurg district. The words aḍtya, aḍti were reported in Nashik district, and the word aḍamo was observed in the Christian community of Sindhudurg district. The word aḍša was reported by respondents of the Kokna community of Palghar district whereas the word aḍši was reported in Raigad district.

The word kʰiṭṭi was observed mainly in Raigad and Thane districts. It was reported infrequently in Ahmednagar, Aurangabad, Dhule, Solapur, Sangli, and Washim districts. Phonetic variations of this word include kʰiṭṭi, kiṭṭi, kʰiṭi, kʰuṭṭi, giṭṭi, kʰuṭi, kuṭi, kʰutṭya, kʰuṭṭa, kʰuṭa, kʰuṇṭi, etc. The word kəṭṭya was observed in the Wadar community of Jalgaon district. The word kʰiḷi was reported mainly in Thane, Ratnagiri, and Sindhudurg districts. It was also reported infrequently in Nashik, Palghar, Raigad, Pune, and Bhandara districts. Phonetic variations of this word include kʰiḷi, kʰilli, kili, kʰil, kʰiḷə, kʰilya, kʰili, etc. The word kʰəṭka was reported mainly in Nashik, Wardha, Ahmednagar, and Amravati districts. It was observed infrequently in Kolhapur, Satara, Beed, Yavatmal, Hingoli, Washim, Buldhana, Aurangabad, Dhule, and Nandurbar districts. Phonetic variations of this word include kʰətka, kʰəṭki, kʰəṭke, ɡuṭka, kʰuṭka, ɡuṭka, etc.

The word daṇḍu was widely reported in Nanded district. It was reported infrequently in Solapur, Beed, Buldhana, Chandrapur, Wardha, and Nagpur districts. Phonetic variations of this word include daṇḍka, dəṇḍya, dəṇda, daṇḍi, daṇḍu, daṇu, damru, dəṭṭa, etc.

The word ṭapra was observed in the Warli, Wadvali, and Katkari communities of Palghar district. Phonetic variations of this word include ṭprə, ṭape, ṭapre, ṭapora, ṭʰepra, ṭapura, etc. The word ḍambəriya was observed among the Warli, Malhar koli, Mangela koli, and Katkari communities in Dahanu taluka of Palghar district; and the Mahadev Koli community in Kinwat taluka of Nanded district. Phonetic variations of this word include ḍambəriya, ḍambrya, ḍambri, etc. The word makḍi was reported in Kudal, a village in Kudal taluka and Kolgaon, a village in Sawantwadi taluka of Sindhudurg district; Shirala khurd, a village in Shirala taluka of Sangli district; and Bagmabdla, a village in Shrivardhan taluka of Raigad district.

The word bijaɡəri was reported infrequently in Thane, Nashik, Raigad, Nandurbar, Dhule, Jalgaon, Aurangabad, Ahmednagar, Pune, and Satara districts. It was mainly observed among the Mahar, Matang, Maratha, Kunbi, Dhangar, Wani, and Katkari communities. Phonetic variations of this word include bijaɡəra, biǰaɡra, biǰiɡiri bijʰaɡri, bijʰaɡrya, micɡarya, micɡari, etc. In the standard variety of Marathi, the hinge that connects the door to the doorframe is called biǰaɡəri; this word has gone through the process of semantic broadening and has been extended to mean ‘bolt’ in dialects of Marathi.

The word pʰəḷi was reported infrequently in Beed, Jalna, Aurangabad, Ahmednagar, Nashik, Thane, Jalgaon, Buldhana, Wardha, Washim, and Gondiya districts. Phonetic variations of this word include pʰəḍi, pʰaḷ, pʰəḷi, pʰəḷya, lakḍi pʰəḷi, pʰaṭək, pʰirəkni, pʰaṭki, pʰirki, etc. The word pʰlay which is similar to the English word ‘ply’ for wooden panel was also noted for this concept in Jalgaon district. The word pəṭti was reported widely in Nanded, Satara, and Solapur districts. It was reported infrequently in other parts of Maharashtra. Phonetic variations of this word include paṭe, pəṭṭi, pṭṭya, pəṭə, pəṭa, paṭi, pəlla, etc.

The word ṭičəkni was reported widely in Gadchiroli, Nagpur, Gondiya, Wardha, and Chandrapur districts; it was mainly observed among members of the Gond community. Phonetic variations of this word include ṭicəkni, ṭičəkni, ṭəcki, ṭični, ṭucukuni, ṭickəni ṭipəsni, etc. The word čkni / cəkni was observed in Dhargaon, a village in Bhandara taluka of Bhandara district among members of the Teli and Gond communities. The word ciṭkəni was observed among members of the Sutar community in Kendhali, a village in Mantha taluka of Jalna district; Padsul, a village in Shegaon taluka of Buldhana district among members of the Beldar and Kunbi communities; Thar, a village in Ashti taluka of Wardha district among members of the Muslim community. Phonetic variations of this word include ciṭkəni, čiṭəkṇi, čiṭəkʰni, etc. The word səṭkəni was reported mainly by respondents of the Halba community in Gondiya district.

It was reported infrequently in Amravati, Jalgaon, Nashik, Palghar, and Aurangabad districts. Phonetic variations of this word include səṭkəni, səṭkəne, səṭki, etc.

The word səṅkəl was mainly reported by respondents of the Gond community in Bhandara, Gondiya, and Gadchiroli districts, it was also reported infrequently by the Kohli community of these regions along with the Teli community of Bhojapur village in Ramtek taluka of Nagpur district. Phonetic variations of this word include səṅkəl, səṅkəli, səṅkəlkəḍi, etc. The word sakʰḷi was reported in Vidarbha region; Nanded, Parbhani, Latur, Hingoli, and Jalna districts of Marathwada region; and Dhule, Nashik, Nandurbar, and Jalgaon districts. This word was mainly reported by the older age groups. Phonetic variations of this word include sakri, sakʰrya, sakʰri, sakrya, sakḍi, sakəy, sakəḷ, sakʰəi, sakui, sakʰəḷi, sakḷi, sakḷikoṇḍa, sakrikoṇḍa, etc.

The word hæṇḍəl was observed infrequently in Gadchiroli, Chandrapur, Gondiya, Amravati, Beed, and Jalna districts. Phonetic variations of this word include hyaṇḍəl, hæṇḍəl, hæṅɡər, etc. The word rɔḍ was observed in the Lingayat community of Osmanabad district. The word rip was reported by respondents of the Kunbi community in Yavatmal district. The word ḍrapʰt was observed in the Dhangar community in Amravati district. The word lakuḍ was reported in Thane, Beed, Nanded, and Jalgaon districts. The word lakḍi ṭipla was reported in Bhandara district. The words wəḍcən/wəḍnyači kəḍi were reported in Osmanabad and Sindhudurg districts. The word bʰoṅɡa was reported by respondents of the Korku community in Dharni taluka of Amravati district while the word jʰəḍəp was observed in Dhamankhel, a village in Pune district.

The word lɔk was widely reported in Beed, Aurangabad, Ahmednagar, Jalna, and Nanded districts. It is reported infrequently in Vidarbha, northern Maharashtra, and Konkan region. Phonetic variations of this word include lɔk, læk, lok, lak, lakʰ, klak, lɔkər, lakər, etc.


The word kulaba was observed in Amravati, Yavatmal, Wardha, Bhandara, and Gondiya districts. Phonetic variations of this word include kulabi, kilaba, kulaba, kəbǰa, etc. The word kupi was observed among members of the Mahadev koli community in Nashik district. The word kulapa was reported in Dhule and Nandurbar districts whereas the word kilip was reported in Satara and Wardha districts. The words kirčən was observed in the Ramoshi community of Solapur district. The word koldəṇḍi was reported by respondents of the Harijan community in Solapur district. The word ṭʰokḷa was reported in Osmanabad, Solapur and Satara districts. The word sana was reported in Dhule district, and the word šipi was reported in Nashik district. The word šiḍi was reported in Jalna district whereas the word šiyaṅga was observed in Amravati district.

The word kutra/kutrə was reported widely by respondents of the Warli, Mahadev koli and Thakur communities in Dandwal, a village in Mokhada taluka of Palghar district. It was also observed infrequently in the Mahadev koli community of Jharvad, a village in Trimbakeshwar taluka, and in the Kokna community of Surgana, a village in Surgana taluka of Nashik district. This word was also observed in the Thakur and Buddhist communities of Thane district; Thakur community of Raigad district; Bhil and Maratha communities of Aurangabad district; Marar community of Yavatmal district; Maratha, Matang and Andh communities of Nanded district; Bhoi community in Wardha district; and Gond community of Chandrapur district. The word ɡʰoḍi was reported infrequently in Amravati and Yavatmal districts. The word majərbokya / majər was also reported infrequently in Amravati and Yavatmal districts. In the olden days, animals like dogs, horses, cats were kept at the door to guard the house, similarly, bolts too serve the means of guarding the house. Hence, these words are likely used to refer to the concept ‘bolt’.

The word tasən was reported by respondents of the M-Thakur community in Thane district. The word təḍi was observed in the Korku community in Amravati district whereas the word ṭəṭṭa was observed in the Gond community of Gondiya district. The words ḍʰoka, biṭ were reported by respondents of the Dongar koli and Mahadev koli communities of Raigad district. The word bərkaša was observed among members of the Payali community of Jalgaon district. The word bawṭi was reported very infrequently by members of the Buddhist community in Akola district.

The word ɡʰol was reported infrequently in Dhule, Nanded, and Amravati districts. Phonetic variations of this word include, ɡʰuli, ɡʰuḷi, ɡʰuḍi, etc. The words akuḍa was reported by respondents of the Teli community in Bhojapur, a village in Ramtek taluka of Nagpur district. The word akuča was observed in the Gond community of Lobhi, a village in Tumsar taluka of Bhandara district. The word aḍwadaṇḍa was reported by respondents of the Buddhist community in Jalgaon district. The word andʰra was reported among members of the Agri community in Thane district whereas the word cawər was observed among members of the Kumbhar community of Sindhudurg district.

The word hakəl was observed in the Bhil community of Nandurbar district whereas the word halka was observed in the Thakur community of Thane district. The word sṭəl/səkəl was reported in Jalgaon district among the Dhangar and Koli communities. The word səṇṭəl was observed in the Gujar community of Jalgaon district. The word səpḷa was observed in Latur district whereas the word səpuṭ was observed in Aurangabad district. The word lalɡonḍi was reported in the Chambhar community in Solapur district. The word musəy was observed in the Mali community of Nandurbar district. The word muṭ was reported in Nashik district among the Maratha community. The word bʰala was observed in the Maratha community of Raigad district. The words pɔrtə/pɔrcə were reported by respondents of the Portuguese creole-speaking community in Korlai, a village in Murud taluka of Raigad district; the word trak was also observed in this community.